A novel “spectral‐ratio model fitting” to resolve complicated X‐ray spectral variations in active galactic nuclei

Contemporary radiation-magnetohydrodynamic simulation of the AGNs predicts presence hot and strong accretion disk wind, which gets unstable far from central region turns into gas clumps. These inner-wind outer clumps may be actually observed as ultrafast outflows (UFOs) clumpy absorbers, respectively. We call this picture "hot inner wind model". Observationally, it is challenging to place constraints on origin UFOs absorbers due complicated spectral variations. developed a novel method, "spectral-ratio model fitting", resolve parameter degeneracy other components. In parameters absorber in line sight are estimated ratio partially absorbed spectrum non-absorbed one. applied method narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxy IRAS 13224-3809 by XMM-Newton 2016 for 1.5 Ms, where source showed extreme variability complex absorption features. As result, we found that soft variation mostly explained change covering fraction mildly-ionized these outflowing with such high velocity comparable UFO (~ 0.2-0.3 c). This result implies formation shares same origin, supporting